"Identifying Information: Name","Residents Improved or Remained Independent in Early-Loss ADLs"
"Identifying Information: Short/Other Names","Percentage of Residents Whose Status Improved in Early-Loss ADL Functioning (Dressing and Personal Hygiene) or Who Remained Completely Independent in Early-Loss ADLs (ADL06)"
"Identifying Information: Description","This indicator looks at how many long-term care residents improved or remained completely independent in dressing and personal hygiene. Being independent or showing an improvement in these activities of daily living (ADLs) may indicate an improvement in overall health status and provide a sense of autonomy for the resident."
"Background, Interpretation and Benchmarks: Rationale","Long-term care quality indicators were developed by interRAI, an international research network, to provide organizations with measures of quality across key domains, including physical and cognitive function, safety and quality of life. Each indicator is adjusted for resident characteristics that are related to the outcome and that are independent of quality of care. The indicators can be used by quality leaders to drive continuous improvement efforts. They are also used to communicate with key stakeholders through report cards and accountability agreements."
"Background, Interpretation and Benchmarks: Interpretation","Higher is better; it means that a higher percentage of long-term care residents had improved status in early-loss ADL functioning."
"Background, Interpretation and Benchmarks: HSP Framework Dimension","Improve health status of Canadians"
"Background, Interpretation and Benchmarks: Areas of Need","Living With Illness, Disability or Reduced Function"
"Background, Interpretation and Benchmarks: Targets/Benchmarks","AVÐÇÇò: None"
"Available Data Years","2017
 to 2021"
"Available Data Years: Type of Year",Fiscal
"Availability of Results: Geographic Coverage","Newfoundland and Labrador"
"Reporting Level/Disaggregation",Province/Territory
"Reporting Level/Disaggregation: Other reporting level/disaggregation","Sector (residential and hospital-based continuing care)"
"Result Updates: Indicator Results","Web Tool:
Quick Stats

Web Tool:
CCRS eReports (RAI-MDS 2.0) via My Services (log in)

Web Tool:
IRRS LTC Secure Reporting tool via My Services (log in)"
"Update Frequency: Other frequency:","Monthly (IRRS LTC Secure Reporting tool)

Quarterly (CCRS eReports)

Annually (Quick Stats)

The Latest Results update date refers to the latest results publicly available. More recent results are available in the secure reporting tools (CCRS eReports and IRRS – LTC Secure Reporting)."
"Result Updates: Latest Results Update Date","September 2022"
"Result Updates: Updates","Not applicable"
"Indicator Calculation: Description","Percentage of residents whose early-loss ADL functioning (dressing and personal hygiene) improved or who remained completely independent in early-loss ADLs on their target assessment compared with their prior assessment

Unit of Analysis: Resident"
"Indicator Calculation: Type of Measurement","Percentage or proportion"
"Denominator: Description:","Residents with valid assessments, excluding comatose and end-of-life residents"
"Denominator: Inclusions:","Residents with valid assessments. To be considered valid, the target assessment must


	Be the latest assessment in the quarter
	Be carried out more than 92 days after the Admission Date
	Not be an Admission Full Assessment (RAI-MDS 2.0) or First Assessment (interRAI LTCF)


As this is an incidence indicator, the resident must also have had an assessment in the previous quarter, with 45 to 165 days between the target and prior assessments. If multiple assessments in the previous quarter meet the time period criteria, the latest assessment is selected as the prior assessment."
"Denominator: Exclusions:","Residents who are comatose (RAI-MDS 2.0: B1 = 1; interRAI LTCF: C1 = 5), end-stage (RAI-MDS 2.0: J5c = 1; interRAI LTCF: J6c = 1) or receiving hospice/palliative care (RAI-MDS 2.0: P1ao = 1; interRAI LTCF: O2m = 2, 3)"
"Numerator: Description:","Residents with improved early-loss ADL self-performance (decreased score) on their target assessment compared with their prior assessment or a score of 0 on both prior and target assessments"
"Numerator: Inclusions:","Residents with valid assessments. To be considered valid, the target assessment must


	Be the latest assessment in the quarter
	Be carried out more than 92 days after the Admission Date
	Not be an Admission Full Assessment (RAI-MDS 2.0) or First Assessment (interRAI LTCF)


As this is an incidence indicator, the resident must also have had an assessment in the previous quarter, with 45 to 165 days between the target and prior assessments. If multiple assessments in the previous quarter meet the time period criteria, the latest assessment is selected as the prior assessment."
"Numerator: Exclusions:","Residents who are comatose (RAI-MDS 2.0: B1 = 1; interRAI LTCF: C1 = 5), end-stage (RAI-MDS 2.0: J5c = 1; interRAI LTCF: J6c = 1) or receiving hospice/palliative care (RAI-MDS 2.0: P1ao = 1; interRAI LTCF: O2m = 2, 3)"
"Method of Adjustment","Direct standardization"
"Method of Adjustment: Other method of adjustment:","Stratification, indirect standardization"
"Method of Adjustment: Direct Standardization - Standard Population","Standard population
3,000 facilities in 6 U.S. states and 92 residential care facilities and continuing care hospitals in Nova Scotia and Ontario"
"Adjustment Applied: Covariates used in risk adjustment:","Individual covariates: 


	Late loss of ADLs
	Age younger than 65


Facility-level stratification: Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS)"
"Indicator Calculation: Geographic Assignment","Place of service"
"Data Sources","CCRS (Continuing Care Reporting System)"
"Quality Statement: Caveats and Limitations","This measure uses data collected by long-term care facilities using the Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set 2.0 (RAI-MDS 2.0) and submitted to the Continuing Care Reporting System (CCRS), or using the interRAI Long-Term Care Facilities (interRAI LTCF) assessment and submitted to the Integrated interRAI Reporting System (IRRS). 

Certain provinces and territories have transitioned to or are in the process of transitioning to the newer interRAI LTCF assessment instrument (see Trending Issues for more information). For a number of years, the national average (where available) will be based on both assessment instruments. To support inclusion of interRAI LTCF assessment data in public reporting, AVÐÇÇò has completed an analysis to understand similarities and differences between the 2 assessment instruments. Overall, indicator results are comparable and appropriate to be trended over time and across instruments."
"Quality Statement: Trending Issues","The number of long-term care homes and jurisdictions submitting data to AVÐÇÇò varies over time and has been generally increasing. Furthermore, as long-term care homes transition from the RAI-MDS 2.0 to the interRAI LTCF, there may be changes in data coverage that can impact the results (see more details below). Time series changes must be interpreted carefully, particularly when comparing the national average over time and when comparing provincial/territorial averages over the transition to the new assessment instrument. Please note that indicator results are risk-adjusted to control for population differences (factors that are beyond the facility’s control but that can affect resident outcomes) to enable more appropriate and fair comparisons of the actual quality of care. Please refer to CCRS Quality Indicators Risk Adjustment Methodology in the References section for more information.

Use of interRAI LTCF: As jurisdictions transition to/adopt the interRAI LTCF, there may be disruptions or delays in data submission to AVÐÇÇò, which can impact the coverage of data and therefore indicator results. A summary of interRAI LTCF transition/adoption by jurisdiction is provided below for reference:


	Nova Scotia started the transition in 2022; the transition is ongoing. 
	New Brunswick completed adoption between 2016 and 2017 and started submitting data to IRRS in 2019. 
	Saskatchewan completed the transition in 2019 and 2020 and started submitting data to IRRS in 2020.
	Alberta started the transition in 2021; the transition is ongoing. Currently, only data from the RAI-MDS 2.0 is submitted to AVÐÇÇò (CCRS) and included in reporting.


AVÐÇÇò recognizes that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected many long-term care homes across Canada, including their ability to complete assessments and/or submit data to AVÐÇÇò. Available data may vary by jurisdiction and facility. Results should be interpreted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."
"Quality Statement: Comments","The long-term care quality indicators use 4 rolling quarters of data for calculations in order to have a sufficient number of assessments for risk adjustment. Since residents are assessed on a quarterly basis, each resident can contribute to the indicator up to 4 times.

Data for this indicator is also available in the Quick Stats product Profile of Residents in Residential and Hospital-Based Continuing Care, which includes province-/territory-level results for both the residential and hospital-based continuing care sectors. Please consult the Quick Stats product for more information. "
References,"Canadian Institute for Health Information. CCRS Quality Indicators Risk Adjustment Methodology (PDF). 2013.

Health Quality Ontario. Health Quality Ontario Indicator Library. Accessed October 4, 2017.

Health Quality Ontario. Long-Term Care Benchmarking Resource Guide (PDF). 2013.

Health Quality Ontario. Results From Health Quality Ontario's Benchmark Setting for Long-Term Care Indicators (PDF). 2017.

Hirdes JP, Mitchell L, Maxwell CJ, White N. Beyond the ""iron lungs of gerontology"": Using evidence to shape the future of nursing homes in Canada. Canadian Journal on Aging. 2011.

Hirdes JP, Poss JW, Caldarelli H, et al. An evaluation of data quality in Canada's Continuing Care Reporting System (CCRS): Secondary analyses of Ontario data submitted between 1996 and 2011. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 2013.

Jones RN, Hirdes JP, Poss JW, et al. Adjustment of nursing home quality indicators. BMC Health Services Research. 2010."